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Pipe

Figure 6.5: System Pipe: acausal bond graph
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The acausal bond graph of system Pipe is displayed in Figure 6.5 (on page [*]) and its label file is listed in Section 6.1.6 (on page [*]). The subsystems are listed in Section 6.1.6 (on page [*]).

The Pipe component represents one way flow of incompressible fluid though a pipe. Externally, it has true energy bonds: $ P$/$ \dot V$ (Pressure/volume-flow) representing hydraulic energy and $ T$/$ \dot
S$(Temperature/Entropy-flow) representing convected thermal energy.

Internally, however, the thermal part is represented by a pseudo bond graph which computes the flow of internal energy $ \dot E$ from the upstream temperature $ T_1$ and the volumetric flow rate $ \dot V$ as:

$\displaystyle \dot E = \rho c_p T_1 \dot V$ (6.1)

The $ AF$ component makes the $ FMR$ component use $ T_1$ rather than $ T_1-T_2$.

The two ES components provide the conversion from true to psuedo thermal bonds and vice versa.

The pipe has an resistance to flow represented by the RS component labeled `r' which can be linear or nonlinear. The hydraulic energy loss reappears on the thermal bond of this (energy-conserving) RS component.



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